Welcome, congrats on the TDI and thanks for the detailed info.
Sure others might know better, and hopefully chime in, but it sounds like to me it is a mechanical problem, and not an electrical one, with the physical lock mechanism where the key turns around on the internal actuator. It sounds like you've gotten a spare lock actuator like the one photoed above?
Btw, how are you then able to unlock the door? Press unlock twice on the fob and then open the rear door, reach in and pull the drivers door handle? Is that it?
Sounds like the seller knew what was up, can you contact him to tell you what to do? What other problems are you having?
Btw, I think putting the scrappage lock mechanism, as long as it works, should probably fix it.
Hmm... As a last thought though, let me back up and ask, is it possible it is not getting power at all to the lock module? I seem to recall these parts are designed to lock/unlock from the inside, in case of an emergency such as a dead battery or driving into the drink....